Cinema Origins

Early Pre Traditions
    Cave Paintings
    Sky
    Storytelling
    Balinese Shadow Puppets

Plato’s Cave

Magic Lanterns
    1646 Father Athanasius Kircher
    1700's Magic Lantern Shows
    Phantasmagoria

Panorama
    1792 Robert Barker

Diorama
    1822 Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre

Playing Tricks
    Persistence of Vision
        Ancients
        Peter Mark Róget
    Phi Phenomenon
        1912 Discovered by Max Wertheimer
        1916 Applied to Film by Hugo Münsterberg

Toys
    Sir John Hershel makes a bet
    Dr. John Anton Paris
        1825 Thaumatrope “wonder turning”
    Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau
        1832 Phenakistiscope “deceptive viewer”
        Research yielded:
            16 fps minimum speed
            Need moments of darkness
    Simon Ritter von Stampfer
        1832 Stroboscope “alternating viewer”
    William George Honer
        1834 Daedelum
            Zootrope or Zoetrope “wheel of life”
    Baron Franz von Uchatius
        1834 combines stroboscopic toys with Magic Lantern
        1853 Projecting Phenakistiscope
    Emile Reynaud
        1877 Praxinoscope
        1892 Praxinoscope Theatre or Theatre Optique

Writing with Light ~ Photography

    Leonardo da Vinci
        Camera Obscura ~ dark room
    Joseph Nicé phore Niépce
        1816 Heliographs ~ drawn by the sun
    Louis Jaques Mandé Daguerre
        1837 Daguerreotypes
            15 minute exposure times
        1839 Makes available to the public
    William Henry Fox Tolbert
        1830's begins to print on paper

    1841 Exposure times reduced to
        fractions of a second.

Capturing Motion

    Edweard Muybridge
        Leland Stanford
            1877 Horse Race
        1879 Zoopraxiscope
            Life constructing viewer

    Etienne Jules Marey
        1882 Chronophotographs
            Writing time with light
        1888 coated paper film

    Louis Aimé Augustine Le Prince
        1888 Patented a camera and projection machine
        1890 Takes a train from Dijon to Paris

    George Eastman
        1889 Markets strips of Celluloid film
            based on and invention by Reverend
            Hannibal Goodwin

    Thomas Alva Edison
        1888 Meets Muybridge
        1889 Meets Marey
        William Kennedy Laurie Dickson
            1889-1891 Creates first American
                Motion Picture
                   Kineto-phonograph
                        Motion sound writer
            1891-1894 Fred Ott - the Sneeze Seen Round the World
                Copyrighted 1894
            Edison/Dickson Perforations 
                Sprocket holes
            Mutoscope
        Edison
            1891 Patents
                Peephole Viewer - Kinetoscope
                Camera - Kinetograph
                    Electric power
            Black Maria
            Major Woodville Latham and sons Gray & Outway
                Latham Loop

    William Freeze Greene
        1893 Patented Camera/Projector
    Robert William Paul
        Reverse engineers Edison’s work into a projector
    Auguste & Louis Lumière
        1895 Cinématographe
            Motion recorder - kinetic writer
        1895 Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory
        1895 March - Private showings
        1895 December 28th - Birth of the Movies
            Le Repos de Bébé
            L’Arrivée dun train en gare
            Wall
            L’Arrouseur arrosé
                Documentary/Fiction Film

    Thomas Armat
        Phantascope
        1896 Vitascope

    Difficult to date the first movie in the United States
        From 1891 lots of inventors gave lots of demonstrations.
        1895 May - Lathams projected a boxing match to paying customers
        1895 September - Armat demo
        1896 April 23rd Koster & Bials Music Hall